Present Perfect
Present Perfect in Spanish is used when you talk about things that have happened in the past.
Present perfect is formed with “haber+past participle (-ado/-ido)”
| haber | Singular | Plural |
| 1st Person | he | hemos |
| 2nd Person | has | habéis |
| 3rd Person | ha | han |
Past participle is regularly formed by changing the ending of -AR verb to -ado, and -ER/-IR verb becomes -ido.
He estudiado español por 2 años. I have studied Spanish for 2 years.
¿Has ido a Madrid? Have you been to Madrid?
Past participle can also be used as an adjective.
Me gusta el pescado cocinado. I like cooked fish.
No les gustan las papas fritas. I don’t like fried potatoes.
Irregular Past Participles
| infinitive | past participle |
| escribir | escrito |
| abrir | abierto |
| cubrir | cubierto |
| descubrir | descubierto |
| decir | dicho |
| hacer | hecho |
| ver | visto |
| poner | puesto |
| morir | muerto |
| romper | roto |
| volver | vuelto |
| leer | leído |